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  • 专利说明
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    • 专利摘要:
    METHOD FOR GRINDING A FIRST WORKING PIECE AND A SECOND WORKING PIECE, AND, MACHINE It is characteristic for the method of invention that, during the production of gear teeth, the two tooth flanks are roughed using different settings, but using the same tools (100) continuously with alternative application of semi-completion. It is in the nature of the semi-complete approach that, for example, all of the left flank cutting edges of the tool (100) are used twice, while the right flank cutting edges are only used once. According to the invention, the same tools (100) are used to produce gear teeth in such a way that the flank cutting edges that were previously subjected to a stronger load when machining a first workpiece (50.1) are now used less frequently in subsequent steps. This is achieved by the fact that the other flank cutting edges are used more strongly or frequently during the production of a second workpiece (50.2).
    公开号:BR102012023164B1
    申请号:R102012023164-6
    申请日:2012-09-13
    公开日:2021-02-17
    发明作者:Hartmuth Marx；Olaf Vogel
    申请人:Klingelnberg Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] [0001] The object of the invention is a method for roughing the half teeth of gear teeth or other periodic structure and a device having a corresponding roughing tool to perform a roughing method of semi-completion. Background of the Invention, Prior Art
    [0002] [0002] There are numerous methods for producing gear wheels. In soft preliminary machining, milling, gear shaping, generation planning, and powerful roughing are distinguished. Milling and roughing are so-called continuous methods, as explained in more detail hereinafter.
    [0003] [0003] When cutting gear wheels, there is a difference between the intermittent indexing method or simple indexing method and the continuous method, sometimes also referred to as the continuous indexing method or face milling.
    [0004] [0004] In the continuous method, for example, a tool having corresponding cutters is used to cut the workpiece flanks. The workpiece is finished cut continuously in a mandrel, that is, in an uninterrupted method. The continuous method is based on complex sequences of motion, coupled, in which the tools and the workpiece to be machined perform a continuous indexing movement in relation to each other. The indexing movement results from the coordinated or coupled drive, respectively, of multiple axis drives of a corresponding machine.
    [0005] [0005] In the simple indexing method, a tooth interstice is machined, so, for example, a relative movement of the tool and a so-called indexing movement (indexing rotation) occur, during which the workpiece rotates in relation to to the tool before the next tooth interstice is then machined. A gear wheel is thus produced step by step.
    [0006] [0006] The gear forming method mentioned at the beginning can be described or represented by a cylinder wheel gear, since the intersection angle (also called axis intersection angle) between the rotation axis R1 of the tool conformation 1 and the axis of rotation R2 of the workpiece 2 is zero degree, as shown schematically in figure 1. The two axis of rotation R1 and R2 extend in parallel if the axis intersection angle is zero degree. Workpiece 2 and forming tools 1 continuously rotate around their axis of rotation R2 or R1, respectively. The forming tools 1 perform a stroke movement in addition to the rotation movement, which is indicated in figure 1 by the double arrow shx, and remove chips from the workpiece 2 during this stroke movement.
    [0007] [0007] Some time ago, a method that is called thinning was recently taken up again. The fundamentals are approximately 100 years ago. A first patent application with the number DE 243514 on this topic is back to the year 1912. After the original considerations and studies of the initial years, thinning was no longer seriously pursued. Up to this point, complex processes, which were partially empirical, were necessary to find an appropriate tool geometry for the roughing method.
    [0008] [0008] Roughing was resumed approximately in the mid-1980s. The roughing principle could first be implemented in a productive, reproducible, and robust method, using the current simulation methods and modern CNC controllers of the machines. In addition, the high wear resistance of today's tool materials, the extremely high static and dynamic stiffness, and the high quality of the synchronized gait of modern machines were significant.
    [0009] [0009] As shown in figure 2A, in roughing, an axis intersection angle eixo between the rotation axis R1 of the roughing tool 10 (also known as the roughing wheel) and the rotation axis R2 of the workpiece 20 is predefined, which is not equal to zero. The resulting relative movement between the roughing tool 10 and the workpiece 20 is a helical movement, which can be decomposed into a rotating component (rotating component) and a feed component (translating component). A helical bearing gear can be considered an analog of drive technology, the rotating component corresponding to the bearing and the advancing component corresponding to the sliding of the flanks. The greater the axis intersection angle Σ is in absolute value, the more the translational movement component required for machining the workpiece 20 increases. This is because it causes a component of movement of the blades of the roughing tool 10 in the direction of the tooth flanks of the workpiece 20. In roughing, the sliding component of the relative mesh movement of the wheels and gear wheels of the helical gear equivalent is used to execute the cutting movement. In roughing, only a slow sax axial feed (also called axial feed) parallel to the rotation axis R2 of the workpiece 20 is required and, therefore, the so-called forming movement, which is typical for gear forming, is required. omitted. Also, no return stroke movement, therefore, occurs in roughing.
    [0010] [00010] The cutting speed at roughing is directly influenced by the speed of the roughing tool 10 or the workpiece 20 and the employed axis intersection angle Σ of the rotation axes R1 and R2. The angle of intersection of axis Σ and, therefore, the sliding component, must be selected so that an optimum cutting speed is obtained for machining the material at the given speed.
    [0011] [00011] The movement sequences and other details of a previously known thinning method can be inferred from the schematic illustration mentioned in figure 2A. Figure 2A shows the roughing of external gear teeth in a cylindrical workpiece 20. Workpiece 20 and tools 10 (here, a cylindrical roughing tool 10) rotate in opposite directions, as can be seen in figure 2A , for example, based on the angular velocities ω1 and ω2.
    [0012] [00012] In addition, there are still relative movements. The aforementioned sax axial feed is required to be able to machine the entire width of the gear teeth of the workpiece 20 using the tools 10. Axial feed causes the tool 10 to shift in relation to the workpiece 20 in the direction parallel to the work axis. rotation R2 of workpiece 20. The direction of this movement of tool 10 is identified in figure 2A by sax. If helical gear teeth are desired on workpiece 20 (ie ß2 ≠ 0), a differential feed sD is superimposed on the axial sax feed, which, as shown in figure 2A, corresponds to an additional rotation of the workpiece 20 around its axis of rotation R2. The differential feed sD and the axial sax feed are adapted to each other at the design point so that the resulting feed from tool 10 in relation to workpiece 20 occurs in the direction of the tooth interstice to be generated. In addition, a radial srad feed can be used to influence the crowning of the gear teeth of the workpiece 20, for example.
    [0013] [00013] In roughing, the cutting speed vector ⃗vc results substantially as the difference between the two speed vectors ⃗v1 and ⃗v2 r of the rotation axes R1, R2 of tool 10 and workpiece 20, which are inclined to each other by the axis intersection angle Σ. ⃗V1 is the velocity vector of the periphery of tool 10 and ⃗v2 is the velocity vector of the periphery of workpiece 20. The cutting speed vc of the roughing process can be changed by the axis intersection angle Σ and the speed in the gear helical equivalent. The axial sax feed, which is relatively slow, as already mentioned, only has a small influence on the cutting speed vc, in the roughing method, which can be neglected. The sax axial feed, therefore, is not taken into account in the vector diagram having the vectors ⃗v1, ⃗v2, and ⃗vc in figure 2A.
    [0014] [00014] Figure 2B shows the roughing of external gear teeth from workpiece 20 using a tapered roughing tool 10. Figure 2B again shows the intersection angle of axis Σ, the cutting speed vector vc, the vectors speed ⃗v1 on the periphery of the tool 10 and ⃗v2 on the periphery of the workpiece 20, and the propeller angle ß1 of the tool 10 and the propeller angle ß2 of the workpiece 20. The propeller angle ß2 is not the same here to zero. The tooth head of tool 10 is identified in figure 2B by reference number 4. The tooth face is identified in figure 2B by reference number 5. The two axes of rotation R1 and R2 do not intersect, but on the contrary, they are arranged skewed in relation to each other. With a conical roughing tool 10, the design point AP is typically selected on the common perpendicular of the two rotation axes R1 and R2, since the slope of the roughing tool 10 is not necessary to provide clearance angles. The AP design point coincides here with the so-called BP contact point. The pitch circles of the equivalent helical bearing gear touch each other at this AP design point.
    [0015] [00015] A tool 10 is used for roughing, which comprises at least one geometrically defined flank cutting edge. The flank cutting edge / flank cutting edges are not shown in figure 2A and figure 2B. The shape and arrangement of the flank cutting edges are among the aspects that must be taken into account in practice in a concrete project.
    [0016] [00016] In addition, the tool itself has great significance in roughing. The roughing tool 10 is shaped like a spur gear in the example shown in figure 2A. The external contour of the main body in figure 2A is cylindrical. however, it can also be cone-shaped (also called conical), as shown in figure 2B. Since the gear tooth or gear teeth of the roughing tool 10 mesh over the entire length of the flank cutting edge, each gear tooth of the tool 10 requires a sufficient clearance angle at the flank cutting edge.
    [0017] [00017] It is known that a so-called semi-complete approximation can be followed in roughing. One approach is referred to as a semi-complete method, in which both the right and left flanks of tooth interstices are machined in a first step, but only the geometries of the right flanks or left flanks are machined in finish. Then, in a second step, after the machine setting has been changed, one of the two flanks is reworked to obtain the desired interstice width and tooth geometry. One reason for applying a semi-complete method is that the flanks can be designed more freely. That is, the so-called flank modifications are possible more easily than in the completion method. In addition, the thickness of the tooth can also be corrected in the semi-completion, as the width of the interstice is changed by a simple pivot of the working wheel.
    [0018] [00018] The semi-complete method is originally known for bevel gears from grinding in the simple indexing method of gear teeth that are pre-milled in the ZykloPalloid® method.
    [0019] [00019] Several studies of previous roughing methods have shown that, depending on the design of the roughing tool 10, significant wear of the roughing tool 10 can occur. The statement also applies to the application of the semi-complete approximation for roughing. Therefore, solutions are sought, which allow the wear of the roughing tool 10 to be reduced, or the service life of the roughing tool 10 to be increased, respectively. The roughing method becomes more cost-effective through reduced wear, since production costs during gear cutting of workpieces 20 are substantially influenced by the service life of the tool.
    [0020] [00020] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for machining the tooth flanks of a gear wheel or other periodic structures, which is distinguished by a reduction in production costs per gear wheel or workpiece .
    [0021] [00021] In particular, it refers to ensuring the longest possible service life for tools.
    [0022] [00022] This objective is achieved according to the present invention by a method, which is referred to here as an alternative semi-complete roughing method. That is, the objective is achieved according to the present invention by a method that is based on the principle of the semi-complete method. In order to obtain the most uniform load possible and, therefore, wear of the flank cutting edges and optionally also the cutting edges of the roughing tool head, an alternative approach is implemented.
    [0023] [00023] It is characteristic for the method of the invention that, during the production of, for example, gear teeth, the two flanks are roughed out using different settings, but using the same tools, continuously with the application of an alternative semi-complete approach. It is in the nature of the semi-complete approximation that, for example, all of the tool's left flank cutting edges are used twice, while the right flank cutting edges are only used once. Accordingly, according to the invention, the same tools are used to produce gear teeth in such a way that the flank cutting edges that were previously subjected to a stronger and / or longer machining time (in the mentioned example , left flank cutting edges) are now used less strongly or frequently in subsequent steps. This is achieved by the fact that the other flank cutting edges (in the mentioned example, the right flank cutting edges) are used more strongly or frequently during the production of the second gear teeth.
    [0024] [00024] The invention was mainly developed for the preliminary gear cutting, that is, in the machining in stock.
    [0025] [00025] According to the invention, in addition to the wear of the flank cutting edges, the wear on the head cutting edges can also be equalized or evenly distributed.
    [0026] [00026] The invention thus relates to an alternative roughing method. That is, it refers to a method in which aspects of semi-completion are applied to a method of continuous roughing, the load of the cutting teeth of the tool being distributed as evenly as possible through the alternative use of the flank cutting edges.
    [0027] [00027] The alternative semi-complete roughing method can be used in conjunction with the production of periodically rotationally symmetrical structures, such as gear teeth and the like.
    [0028] [00028] A tool, which is designated here as a roughing tool, is used in the alternative roughing method.
    [0029] ▪ aproximar uma primeira posição relativa da ferramenta de desbaste em relação à primeira peça de trabalho, ▪ executar uma primeira ação de usinagem de desbaste (também chamada primeira fase de usinagem) da primeira peça de trabalho, durante a primeira ação de usinagem de desbaste, ou todos os flancos direitos ou de todos os flancos esquerdos da estrutura periódica da primeira peça de trabalho sendo usinados em acabamento e os respectivos outros flancos sendo préusinados, ▪ aproximar uma segunda posição relativa da ferramenta de desbaste em relação à primeira peça de trabalho, ▪ executar uma segunda ação de usinagem de desbaste (também chamada segunda fase de usinagem) da primeira peça de trabalho, durante a segunda ação de usinagem de desbaste, aqueles flancos da estrutura periódica da primeira peça de trabalho sendo usinados em acabamento, que foram previamente somente pré-usinados durante a primeira ação de usinagem de desbaste, - prover a segunda peça de trabalho, ▪ aproximar uma terceira posição relativa da ferramenta de desbaste em relação à segunda peça de trabalho, ▪ executar uma terceira ação de usinagem de desbaste (também chamada terceira fase de usinagem) da segunda peça de trabalho, durante a terceira ação de usinagem de desbaste, - ou de todos os flancos direitos da estrutura periódica da segunda peça de trabalho sendo usinados em acabamento e todos os flancos esquerdos sendo pré-usinados, se todos os flancos esquerdos da estrutura periódica foram usinados em acabamento durante a execução da primeira ação de usinagem de desbaste na primeira peça de trabalho,- ou todos os flancos esquerdos da estrutura periódica da segunda peça de trabalho sendo usinados em acabamento e todos os flancos direitos sendo pré-usinados, se todos os flancos direitos da estrutura periódica foram usinados em acabamento durante a execução da primeira ação de usinagem de desbaste na primeira peça de trabalho, ▪ aproximar uma quarta posição relativa da ferramenta de desbaste em relação à segunda peça de trabalho, ▪ executar uma quarta ação de usinagem de desbaste (também chamada quarta fase de usinagem) da segunda peça de trabalho, durante a quarta ação de usinagem de desbaste, aqueles flancos da estrutura periódica da segunda peça de trabalho sendo usinados em acabamento que foram previamente somente préusinados durante a terceira ação de usinagem de desbaste. [00029] The invention relates to a method and a device for roughing at least two workpieces having periodically rotationally symmetrical structures, although it employs only a roughing tool. The following steps are performed: - provide a first piece of work, ▪ bring the roughing tool to a relative position relative to the first workpiece, ▪ carry out a first roughing machining action (also called the first machining phase) of the first workpiece, during the first roughing machining action, or all the right flanks or all the left flanks of the periodic structure of the first workpiece work being machined in finishing and the respective other flanks being pre-machined, ▪ bring a second relative position of the roughing tool closer to the first workpiece, ▪ perform a second roughing machining action (also called the second machining phase) of the first workpiece, during the second roughing machining action, those flanks of the periodic structure of the first workpiece being machined in finishing, which were previously machined only pre-machined during the first roughing machining action, - provide the second work piece, ▪ bring a third relative position of the roughing tool closer to the second workpiece, ▪ perform a third roughing machining action (also called the third machining phase) of the second workpiece, during the third roughing machining action, - or of all the right flanks of the periodic structure of the second workpiece being machined in finishing and all the left flanks being pre-machined, if all the left flanks of the periodic structure were machined in finishing during the execution of the first machining action of roughing on the first workpiece, - or all the left flanks of the periodic structure of the second workpiece being machined in finishing and all the right flanks being pre-machined, if all the right flanks of the periodic structure were machined in finish during the execution of the first roughing machining action in the first piece of work, ▪ bring a fourth relative position of the roughing tool closer to the second workpiece, ▪ perform a fourth roughing machining action (also called the fourth machining phase) of the second workpiece, during the fourth roughing machining action, those flanks of the periodic structure of the second workpiece being machined in finishing that were previously only pre-machined during the third roughing machining action.
    [0030] [00030] It should be noted here that the third and fourth machining stages do not necessarily have to follow immediately after the first and second machining stages. For example, it is also possible that multiple workpieces are subjected to the first and second machining stages and then subsequently other workpieces are subjected to the third and fourth machining stages. Above all, however, it must be ensured that, by alternating during semi-complete machining, approximately an equal load distribution of the right flank cutting edges and the left flank cutting edges of the roughing tool is achieved.
    [0031] [00031] It should be noted here that the rotationally symmetrical periodic structures of the workpiece do not necessarily have to have symmetrical teeth, or tooth interstices, grooves, or symmetrical channels. For simplicity, workpieces having symmetrical teeth are shown and described below. The invention can also be applied, however, to asymmetric structures.
    [0032] [00032] It should be noted here that at least the first and second relative positions and the third and fourth relative positions differ from one another. In all embodiments, the first relative position preferably corresponds to the fourth relative position and the second relative position preferably corresponds to the third relative position.
    [0033] [00033] The head cutting edge has a width in the roughing tools that is less than the interstice width at the tooth base of the interstices (of tooth) to be produced in the first workpiece and the second workpiece.
    [0034] [00034] In addition, according to the invention, the wear of the headstock blades can also be uniformly distributed, as the width of the headstock blades in relation to the interstice width in the workpiece is selected therefore. The headstock blade particularly preferably, therefore, has a width that is less than, or equal to, 2/3 of the interstice width at the tooth base.
    [0035] [00035] In all modalities, it is characteristic for the roughing of the invention that the relative movement sequences (called relative movements) between workpiece and tool are pre-defined and executed in such a way that material is continuously removed from the workpiece until teeth or other periodic structures are formed.
    [0036] [00036] According to the invention, a radial movement can be superimposed on the relative feeding movement of the roughing tool in order to influence the crowning of the teeth, for example, according to the technical teaching of German Patent Application DE3915976 A1.
    [0037] [00037] The method according to the invention is preferably used in workpieces "without gear teeth", that is, in the scope of soft machining (called preliminary gear cutting) before tempering.
    [0038] [00038] The method according to the invention can also be used for hard machining, under certain circumstances.
    [0039] [00039] During roughing, the rotary tools carry out an axial feed movement in relation to the rotating workpiece in the direction of the second axis of rotation, this axial feed movement extending in the same direction or in the opposite direction to the cutting direction .
    [0040] [00040] The axis of rotation of the tool is always placed at an angle in relation to the axis of rotation of the workpiece in the roughing according to the invention, that is, the angle of intersection of axis Σ is not always equal to zero.
    [0041] [00041] In addition, the tools can be tilted in the direction towards the workpiece or away from the workpiece during roughing according to the invention, as described, for example, in the parallel order of the present depositor, which was filed on May 26, 2011 under application number EP11167703.5 at the European Patent Office.
    [0042] [00042] Roughing according to the invention is a method of continuous chip removal.
    [0043] [00043] The tools according to the invention can be designed for all modalities such as the so-called complete tools, that is, these are tools that are implemented substantially in one part. In complete tools, the cutting teeth are an integral component of the tool.
    [0044] [00044] For all of the modalities of the invention, cutter head tools (here called bar cutter tools) that have a main cutter head body of the disc type, ring type, or plate type, which it is equipped with cutter inserts, preferably in the form of bar cutters, are particularly preferred. Modalities of the invention are also possible, which are designed as cutting board tools, which have a main disc head or plate cutter body, which is equipped with cutting boards.
    [0045] [00045] According to the invention, the axes of the bar cutter tool can be implemented as narrower compared to other roughing tools. Higher packing density is thus possible. More bar cutter tools can also be housed in a main cutter head body of the disc type, ring type, or plate type than in other semi-complete proposals.
    [0046] [00046] The method of the invention can be applied not only with external tools, but, meanwhile, also with internal tools.
    [0047] - vida útil de serviço mais longa das fermentas; - menores custos da peça de trabalho; - reduzida falha da ferramenta; - melhor efetividade em termos de custo. [00047] The invention offers an array of advantages over conventional roughing, which are briefly listed below: - longer service life of the fermentes; - lower workpiece costs; - reduced tool failure; - better cost-effectiveness.
    [0048] [00048] The method according to the invention can be carried out both in conjunction with dry machining and also wet machining. GRAPHICS
    [0049] [00049] Other details and advantages of the invention are described hereinafter based on exemplary modalities and with reference to the drawing. For simplicity, the workpiece and roughing tool are reduced to the situation in the pitch circle (or in the workpiece on the pitch roller) in all schematic drawings. The illustrated relationships also apply to all of the gear teeth having a tooth height, however.
    [0050] [00050] FIGURE 1 shows a schematic illustration of a forming wheel having cylindrical outer contour in mesh with an externally toothed workpiece during gear forming; FIGURE 2A shows a schematic illustration of a straight-toothed roughing wheel having a cylindrical outer contour in mesh with an externally toothed workpiece during roughing; FIGURE 2B shows a schematic illustration of a helically toothed roughing wheel having a tapered outer contour in mesh with an externally toothed workpiece during roughing; FIGURE 3A shows a schematic sectional illustration of a first machining phase during cutting the finishing gear of a left flank and simultaneous preliminary gear cutting of a right flank of a first workpiece, cutting edges of the right flank and left and the head cutting edges of the roughing tool cutting teeth being used; FIGURE 3B shows a schematic sectional illustration of a second machining phase during the cutting of finishing gear from the right flank of the first workpiece, only the right flank cutting edges and the head cutting edges of the cutting teeth of the thinning tool being used; FIGURE 3C shows a schematic sectional illustration of a third machining phase during cutting the finishing gear of a right flank and simultaneous preliminary gear cutting of a left flank of a second workpiece, cutting edges of the right flank and left and the cutting head heads of the roughing tool cutting teeth again being used; FIGURE 3D shows a schematic sectional illustration of a fourth machining phase during the cutting of finishing gear from the left flank of the second workpiece, only the left flank cutting edges and the head cutting edges of the cutting teeth of the thinning tool being used; FIGURE 4A shows a schematic sectional illustration of a first machining phase during cutting the finishing gear of a left flank and simultaneous preliminary gear cutting of a right flank of a first workpiece, cutting edges of the right flank and left side and the complete head cutting edges of the roughing tool cutting teeth being used; FIGURE 4B shows a schematic sectional illustration of a second machining phase during the cutting of finishing gear from the right flank of the first workpiece, only the right flank cutting edges and only the right sections of the head cutting edges of the cutting teeth of the roughing tool being used; FIGURE 4C shows a schematic sectional illustration of a third machining phase during cutting the finishing gear of a right flank and simultaneous preliminary gear cutting of a left flank of a second workpiece, cutting edges of the right flank and left and the complete head cutting edges of the roughing tool cutting teeth being used again; FIGURE 4D shows a schematic sectional illustration of a fourth machining phase during the cutting of finishing gear on the left flank of the second workpiece, only the left flank cutting edges and only the left sections of the headstock cutting edges. cutting teeth of the roughing tool being used; FIGURE 5A shows a section of a workpiece in a top view, the position of a cutting tooth during the first machining phase when it passes through a tooth interstice being shown in very schematic form; FIGURE 5B shows a section of a workpiece according to figure 5A in a top view, the position of the cutting tooth during the second machining phase when it passes through the tooth interstice being shown in a very schematic way; FIGURE 6 shows a section of a workpiece during roughing, being recognizable during the second machining phase as a cutter bar having the cutting tooth of a roughing tool (not shown) is guided through a tooth interstice; FIGURE 7 shows a very schematic view of a conically thinning wear tool, which can be used in conjunction with the invention at an inclination angle δ of -20 °, together with an externally toothed cylindrical workpiece; FIGURE 8 shows a very schematic view of a roughing tool in the form of a complete tool with a cutting wheel; FIGURE 9A shows a very schematic view of another roughing tool in the form of a complete tool with a cutting wheel, which is suitable for use at a significantly positive tilt angle δ; FIGURE 9B shows a very schematic view of the roughing tool according to figure 9A together with an externally toothed cylindrical workpiece, an inclination angle δ of + 20 ° being predefined; FIGURE 10A shows a very schematic view of another roughing tool in the form of a complete tool with a cutting wheel, which is suitable for use at a significantly negative tilt angle δ; FIGURE 10B shows a very schematic view of the roughing tool according to figure 10A together with an externally toothed cylindrical workpiece, a tilt angle δ of -20 ° being predefined; FIGURE 11 shows a schematic perspective view of a part of a so-called internal roughing ring during internal roughing of a spur workpiece diagonally from below, only a few cutter bars of the internal roughing ring being shown and the ring-shaped main body of the internal roughing ring being eliminated; FIGURE 12 shows a very perspective view of a machine according to the invention having a grinding tool during gear cutting of an internally toothed workpiece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    [0051] [00051] Terms are used in the context of this description, which are also used in the relevant publications and patents. however, it should be noted that the use of these terms is only to serve for a better understanding. The ideas of the invention and the scope of protection of the claims should not be restricted to their interpretation by the specific selection of terms. The invention can be easily transferred to other systems and / or technical fields of terms. The terms must therefore be applied in other technical fields.
    [0052] [00052] For example, rotationally symmetrical periodic structures are gear wheels (such as spur gears) having internal or external gear teeth. however, for example, these can also be brake discs, clutch elements, or transmission elements and the like. In particular, this refers to the production of pinion shafts, worm bolts, gear wheel pumps, ring joint hubs (ring joints are used, for example, in the motor vehicle sector to transmit power from differential for a vehicle wheel), splined shaft connections, sliding sleeves, belt pulleys, and the like. Periodic structures are also referred to here as periodically recurring structures.
    [0053] [00053] Mainly gear wheels, teeth, and tooth interstices are discussed below. The invention can also be transferred to other components having other periodic structures, however, as mentioned above. In this case, these other components do not refer to tooth interstices, but, in the meantime, to grooves or channels, for example.
    [0054] [00054] First and second workpieces 50.1, 50.2 are discussed below. The second workpiece 50.2 typically does not differ from the shape not yet machined and the shape machined in finish from the workpiece 50.1. There is typically a difference between workpiece 50.1 after the first step, which is referred to here as the first machining step, and a second workpiece 50.2 after the third step, which is referred to here as the third machining step.
    [0055] [00055] Fundamental aspects of the method according to the invention are described hereinafter with reference to the very schematic illustrations in figures 3A to 3D and in figures 4A to 4D.
    [0056] [00056] A first method is described on the basis of figures 3A to 3D, which primarily relates to uniform loading of all of the right flank cutting edges 113 and all of the left flank cutting edges 112 of a roughing tool 100 The use of the head cutting blade 114 of the roughing tool 100 was not subject to optimization here. Figures 3A and 3B refer to roughing a first workpiece 50.1 having periodically rotationally symmetrical structure, when using a roughing tool 100, and figures 3C and 3D refer to roughing a second workpiece 50.2 having rotationally symmetrical periodic structure when using the same roughing tool 100. The figures are very schematic and only show a tooth interstice and a cutting tooth 111 of the roughing tool 100. The following lines are drawn as an aid to make recognizable the relative locations of the roughing tool 100 and workpiece 50.1 in figures 3A and 3B and the relative locations of the roughing tool 100 and workpiece 50.2 in figures 3C and 3D. ML represents the center line of the cutting tooth 111. The imaginary interstice center is indicated by the line LM. A thick dashed line shows schematically those sections of the cutting tooth 111 that remove material in the workpiece 50.1 or 50.2, respectively, at the moment shown.
    [0057] [00057] The teeth or other periodic structures can also be asymmetrical in all embodiments of the invention, even if symmetrical structures are shown for simplicity in the drawings.
    [0058] [00058] The method comprises the following steps:
    [0059] [00059] Provide the first piece of work 50.1. This step can comprise, for example, inserting the first workpiece 50.1 into the roughing machine 200 and affixing to the mandrel of the first workpiece 50.1 in a workpiece spindle 180.
    [0060] [00060] A first relative position RP1 of the roughing tool 100 in relation to the first workpiece 50.1 is now approximate. The first relative position RP1 is indicated in figure 3A (the center line ML is seated to the left of the imaginary interstice center LM here).
    [0061] [00061] In the first relative position RP1, a first roughing machining action (called the first machining phase) of the first 50.1 workpiece begins. During the first machining phase, either all the right flanks 54 or all the left flanks 53 of the periodic structure of the first workpiece 50.1 are machined in finish and the respective other flanks 53, 54 are pre-machined. An example is shown in figure 3A, where the left flanks are machined in finishing during the first machining phase, as indicated by reference number 53f (f is for finishing (“finish” in English)). The right flanks, in contrast, are pre-machined only, as indicated by reference number 54v (v stands for pre-machined). All of the flank cutting edges 112, 113, and 114 are used in their entirety during the first machining phase.
    [0062] [00062] The second relative position RP2 of the roughing tool 100 in relation to the first workpiece 50.1 is now approximate. The second relative position RP2 is shown in figure 3B (the center line ML is seated here to the right of the imaginary interstice center LM).
    [0063] [00063] In the second relative position RP2, a second roughing machining action (called the second machining phase) of the first 50.1 workpiece begins. During the second machining phase, those flanks 53, 54 of the periodic structure of the first workpiece 50.1 are machined in finishes that were previously only pre-machined during the first machining phase. In the example shown, the right flanks are machined in finish during the second machining phase, as indicated by reference number 54f (f is for finishing (“finish” in English)). During the second machining phase, all of the straight flank cutting edges 113 and the complete head cutting edges 114 are used. Left flank cutting edges 112 are not used here.
    [0064] [00064] After machining the first workpiece 50.1, or after other first workpieces have been machined (according to the same method diagram), the second workpiece 50.2 is provided. This step can comprise, for example, inserting the second workpiece 50.2 into the roughing machine 200 and fixing it to the mandrel of the second workpiece 50.2 in a workpiece spindle 180. It is also possible to equip the roughing machine 200 with two workpiece spindles 180 in order to change the machining of the first workpiece 50.1 to the machining of the second workpiece 50.2 without re-fixing to the chuck.
    [0065] [00065] A third relative position RP3 of the roughing tool 100 in relation to the second workpiece 50.2 is now approximate. The centerline ML is seated to the right of the imaginary interstice center LM here, as In the second relative position RP2.
    [0066] [00066] At the third relative position RP3 (which can correspond, for example, to the second relative position RP2), a third roughing machining action (called the third machining phase) of the second workpiece 50.2 begins. During the third machining phase or all the right flanks 54 of the periodic structure of the second workpiece 50.2 are finished machined and all the left flanks 53 are pre-machined (as shown in figure 3C), if all the left flanks 53 of the periodic structures were machined to finish during the first roughing machining action on the first workpiece 50.1 (as is the case in figure 3A), or all the left flanks 53 of the periodic structure of the second workpiece 50.2 are machined in finishing and all the right flanks 54 are pre-machined, if all the right flanks 54 of the periodic structure were finished machining during the first roughing machining action on the first 50.1 workpiece.
    [0067] [00067] In the example shown in figures 3A to 3D, all the left flanks of the periodic structure were finished machined in the first 50.1 workpiece during the first machining phase, as indicated by reference number 53f (f is for finishing (“ finish ”in English)) in figure 3A. Therefore, during the third machining phase (shown in figure 3C), all the right flanks of the periodic structure of the second workpiece 50.2 were machined in finish, as indicated in figure 3C by reference number 54f (f is for finishing ( “Finish” in English)). The left flanks were only pre-machined, as shown in figure 3C by the number of references 53v (v stands for pre-machined). All of the flank cutting edges 112, 113, and 114 are again used in their entirety during the third machining phase.
    [0068] [00068] A fourth relative position RP4 of the roughing tool 100 in relation to the second workpiece 50.2 is now approximate. The fourth relative position RP4 is identical in the example shown to the first machining position RP1, which is obvious based on a comparison of figures 3A and 3D. The centerline ML is seated to the left of the imaginary interstice center LM here, those in the first relative position RP1.
    [0069] [00069] In the fourth relative position RP4, a fourth roughing machining action (called the fourth machining phase) of the second 50.2 workpiece begins. During the fourth machining phase, those flanks 53, 54 of the periodic structure of the second workpiece 50.2 are machined into finishes that were previously only pre-machined during the third machining phase. In the example shown, the left flanks are machined in finish, as indicated by reference number 53f (f is for finishing (“finish” in English)) in figure 3D. All of the left flank cutting edges 112 and the entire headstock cutting edges 114 are used during the fourth machining phase. The straight flank cutting edges 113 are not used here.
    [0070] [00070] Above all, during the production of a first workpiece 50.1 and a second workpiece 50.2 according to figures 3A to 3D, the left flank cutting edges 112 are used three times, the flank cutting edges straight 113 are used three times, and the head cutting edge is used four times by tooth interstice 52 cut by a cutter. The flank cutting edges 112, 113 are therefore uniformly loaded.
    [0071] [00071] Furthermore, it can be seen in figures 3A to 3D that a right edge cutting edge 113, a left edge cutting edge 112, and a headstock cutting edge 114 are provided in the cutting tooth 111. In the In the example shown, the head cutting edge 114 has a width (in the plane of the drawing) that approximately corresponds to half the base width of the tooth base 55 of the tooth interstice 52 to be produced. This dimensioning has the result that the head cutting edge 114 is used twice when machining the first workpiece 50.1, specifically during the first machining phase (figure 3A) and the second machining phase (figure 3B). In the second workpiece 50.2, the head cutting edge 114 is therefore also used twice. In contrast, if the width of the printhead cutting edge 114 is made greater than half the base width of the tooth interstice 52 to be produced, only a portion of the printhead cutting edge 114 is used multiple times, as described hereinafter. on the basis of figures 4A to 4D.
    [0072] [00072] A second method will be described based on figures 4A to 4D, which not only refers to a uniform load on all of the right flank cutting edges 113 as on all of the left flank cutting edges 112 of a tool. roughing 100. The use of the cutting head 114 of the roughing tool 100 has been subject to optimization here. Figures 4A and 4B also refer to roughing a first workpiece 50.1 having periodically rotationally symmetrical structure when using a roughing tool 100, and figures 4C and 4D refer to roughing a second workpiece 50.2 having rotationally symmetrical periodic structure when using the same roughing tool 100.
    [0073] [00073] Since figures 4A to 4D correspond substantially to figures 3A to 3D, reference is made to the description of figures 3A to 3D. Only the essential differences will be discussed hereinafter. It can be seen, based on figures 4B and 4D, that the head cutting edge 114 has a width that corresponds to approximately 2/3 of the interstice width at the tooth base 55.
    [0074] [00074] In the first machining phase, which is shown in figure 4A, all of the flank cutting edges 112, 113 and the entire head cutting edge 114 are used, as can also be recognized here based on a thick line dotted. In figure 4A, the left flank 53f is machined in finish and the right flank 54v is pre-machined. In addition, the tooth base was machined over the entire width of the 114 head cutting edge.
    [0075] [00075] In figure 4B, the right flank 54f is machined in finish during the second machining phase. In addition, approximately the right third of the interstice width at the tooth base 55 is machined in finish. In the second machining phase, which is shown in figure 4B, only the right flank cutting edges 113 and at most the right half of the head cutting edge 114 are used, as can also be recognized here based on a thick line dotted.
    [0076] [00076] In the third machining phase, which is shown in figure 4C, all of the flank cutting edges 112, 113 and the entire head cutting edge 114 are used again, as can be recognized based on a thick dotted line . In figure 4C, the right flank 54f is machined in finish and the left flank 53v is pre-machined. In addition, the tooth base was machined over the entire width of the 114 head cutting edge.
    [0077] [00077] In figure 4D, the left flank 53f is machined in finish during the fourth machining phase. In addition, approximately the left third of the interstice width at the tooth base 55 is machined in finish. In the fourth machining phase, which is shown in figure 4D, only the left flank cutting edge 112 and at most the left half of the head cutting edge 114 are used, as can also be recognized here based on a thick line dotted.
    [0078] [00078] Above all, during the production of a first workpiece 50.1 and a second workpiece 50.2 according to figures 4A to 4D, the left flank cutting edges 112 are used three times, the flank cutting edges rights 113 are used three times, and the head cutting edge 114 is used three times by the interstice of tooth 52 cut by this cutter. The flank cutting edges 112, 113 and the head cutting edge 114 are therefore uniformly loaded.
    [0079] [00079] The cutting tooth 111 can be part of a roughing tool 100 implemented as a complete tool, bar cutter tool, or cutting board tool.
    [0080] [00080] Figures 5A and 5B show illustrations that correspond approximately to the situation in figures 3A and 3B.
    [0081] [00081] Figure 5A shows a section of a 50.1 workpiece in a top view, the position of a cutting tooth 111 when it passes through an interstice of tooth 52 being shown in very schematic form. The feed direction VR, the cutting direction SR, the location of the cutting tooth 111, and the schematic shape of a cutting surface 121 can be recognized based on figures 5A and 5B. The VR feed direction extends in the interstice direction and consists of an axial feed and a differential feed, which is coupled to it, of the 50.1 workpiece. The cutting direction SR here forms an acute angle with the feed direction VR. Figure 5A shows a schematic snapshot, for example, during the first machining phase. The flank cutting edges 112, 113 and the head cutting edge 114 are shown by dashed lines in figure 5A, and these elements of the cutting tooth 111 are hidden by the workpiece material 50.1. At the time shown, both the flank cutting edges 112, 113 as well as the head cutting edge 114 are used.
    [0082] [00082] Figure 5B shows a schematic snapshot, for example, during the second machining phase. The cutting edge 112 is visible. Only a small section can be recognized from the edge cutting edge 113. The head cutting edge 114 is hidden in figure 5B by the workpiece material 50.1. For better illustration, the auxiliary lines LM and ML are also shown in figures 5A and 5B, the significance of which has been explained in the context of figures 3A to 3D.
    [0083] [00083] Figure 6 shows a section of a second workpiece 50.2 during roughing according to the invention, being recognizable as the cutter bar 120 having cutting tooth 111 is guided through a tooth interstice 52. The tool roughing tool 100 (called the bar cutter tool), which is shown in figure 6, comprises a main body for receiving multiple cutter bars 120. However, only one cutter bar 120 of the roughing tool 100 is shown here.
    [0084] [00084] In all embodiments, each cutting tooth 111 has a cutting surface 121, all cutting surfaces 121 preferably being arranged rotationally symmetrically in a frontal plane or in a frontal tapered surface (optionally individually inclined with respect to the plane of conical end or surface by a stair angle angle) in relation to the rotation axis R1 of tool 100.
    [0085] [00085] That is, the cutting surfaces 121 are preferably arranged rotationally symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation R1 of the tool 100 on a frontal tapered surface, which can degenerate to an end plane.
    [0086] [00086] The cutting surfaces 121 can be implemented as flat faces or as slightly curved faces on the cutting heads (cutting teeth 111). The cutting surfaces 121 can also be slightly arched with respect to the cutting face reference plane.
    [0087] [00087] According to the invention, the two axes of rotation R1 and R2 are always skewed in relation to each other. The angle of intersection of axis Σ is thus always not equal to zero.
    [0088] [00088] Tools 100 can preferably be tilted in the direction towards workpiece 50.1, 50.2 or away from workpiece 50.1, 50.2 during roughing. The corresponding tilt of tool 100 is optional. It is generally used to avoid collisions. The corresponding angle of inclination is called δ. Details regarding the slope are described, for example, in the parallel application of this depositor, which was filed on May 26, 2011 under application number EP11167703.5 with the European Patent Office.
    [0089] [00089] The inclination angle δ is preferably in the range of -30 ° to + 30 °.
    [0090] [00090] Figure 7 shows a very schematic view of a conically thinning wear tool 100, which can be used in the context of the invention at an inclination angle δ of -20 °. as shown in the schematic illustration in figure 7, the roughing tool 100 is a so-called cutter head tool, which has a main body of cutter head 110 (here having the shape of a truncated cone (conical shape)), which it is equipped with cutter inserts, preferably in the form of bar cutters 120. The roughing tool 100 is connected with respect to movement to a machine 200 by means of a tool spindle 170, which is shown here very schematically. The roughing tool 100 has a collision contour (meaning a three-dimensional peripheral shape of the main body of the cutter head 110 including cutter bars 120), which has been selected so that a collision of the roughing tool 100 with the workpiece work 50.1 or 50.2 does not occur during roughing, despite the slope at δ = -20 °.
    [0091] [00091] However, the roughing tool 100 can also have another shape, as indicated, for example, in figure 8. Figure 8 shows a roughing tool 100, which is in the shape of a cutting wheel. This is a complete tool, where the cutting teeth 111 are part of the roughing tool 100. The roughing tool 100 has 24 cutting teeth 111 here, one of which is provided with a reference number in figure 8. The body The main part of the roughing tool 100 here is in the form of a truncated cone disk or a plate in the form of a truncated cone. A single cutting tooth 111 is shown in the following enlarged form for roughing tool 100. Flank cutting edges 112, 113, head cutting edge 114, and cutting surface 121 are designated on this cutting tooth 111.
    [0092] [00092] Figure 9A shows another roughing tool 100, which can be used in conjunction with the invention. The cutting surfaces 121 of the cutting teeth 111 are arranged here on a conical surface (optionally inclined). Figure 9B shows the roughing tool 100 according to figure 9A in mesh with a cylindrical workpiece 50.1 or 50.2. The roughing tool 100 is tilted away from the workpiece 50.1, 50.2 here at a significant tilt angle δ. The tilt angle δ is approximately 20 ° here.
    [0093] [00093] The roughing tool 100 shown in figures 9A and 9B has the shape of a straight toothed bevel gear, the teeth of this bevel gear representing the cutting teeth 111. The cutting surfaces 121 are positioned on the end side having the smallest diameter. More precisely, the cutting surfaces 121 are arranged in the supplementary cone, that is, on a conical surface (optionally inclined with respect to it). The helical angle ß1 of the illustrated roughing tool 100 is 0 °. For helical angles ß1 not equal to 0 °, a corresponding roughing tool 100 has the basic shape of a helically toothed bevel gear.
    [0094] [00094] Figure 10A shows another roughing tool 100, which can be used in conjunction with the invention. The cutting surfaces 121 of the cutting teeth 111 are arranged here on a conical surface (optionally inclined). Figure 10B shows the roughing tool 100 according to figure 10A in mesh with a cylindrical workpiece 50.1 or 50.2. The roughing tool 100 is tilted away from the workpiece 50.1, 50.2 here at a significant tilt angle δ. The tilt angle δ is approximately -18 ° here.
    [0095] [00095] The roughing tool 100 shown in figures 10A and 10B has the shape of a straight toothed bevel gear, the teeth of this bevel gear representing the cutting teeth 111. The cutting surfaces 121 are positioned on the end side having a greater diameter. More precisely, the cutting surfaces 121 are arranged in the supplementary cone, that is, on a conical surface (optionally inclined with respect to it). The helical angle ß1 of the illustrated roughing tool 100 is zero degrees. For helical angles ß1 not equal to zero degrees, a corresponding roughing tool 100 has the basic shape of a helically toothed bevel gear.
    [0096] [00096] Figure 11 shows a schematic perspective view of a part of a so-called internal roughing ring 100 during internal roughing of a 50.1 or 50.2 spur workpiece, only a few cutter bars 120 of the roughing ring internal 100 being shown. Teeth 51, or the interstices of tooth 52 between teeth 51, respectively, have already been almost finished in the straight teeth workpiece. The ring-shaped main body of the internal roughing ring 100 has been eliminated. It can be seen on the basis of figure 11 how the narrow shafts (shown here with rectangular cross section) of the cutter bars 120 can be arranged without problems or collisions in a ring-shaped main body. The cutting tooth 111 and the cutting surface 121 are designated on one of the cutter bars 120 in figure 11. The cutting surfaces 121 of the cutting teeth 111 are slightly inclined with respect to the end plane in the example shown.
    [0097] [00097] Details of a corresponding method for internal roughing are described, for example, in the parallel application of the present depositor, which was filed on July 14, 2011 under application number EP11173901.7 at the European Patent Office.
    [0098] [00098] A machine 200, which is designed for roughing of semi-complete alternating according to the invention, has a CNC controller 201, which allows a coupling of the axes R1 and R2 or a coordination of the axis movements, respectively. The CNC controller 201 can be part of machine 200, or it can be externally implemented and designed for the communication connection 202 to machine 200. The corresponding machine 200 comprises a so-called "electronic gear train" or "shaft coupling" electronic or programmed "in order to execute a VB feed movement of the roughing tool 100 in relation to workpiece 50.1 or 50.2 (workpiece 50.1 or 50.2 is an internally toothed workpiece in the example shown). The coupled movement of the roughing tool 100 and workpiece 50.1, 50.2 is implemented in such a way that, during the various machining phases, corresponding relative movements result between the roughing tool 100 and workpiece 50.1, 50.2, which correspond to the relative movements of a helical gear drive. The electronic gear train, or the electronic or programmed shaft coupling, respectively, ensures synchronization speed of the at least two axes of the machine 200. In this case, at least the axis of rotation R1 of the tool spindle 170 is coupled to the axis of rotation R2 of the workpiece spindle 180. In addition, the axis of rotation R1 of the tool spindle 170 is preferably coupled to the axial feed movement VB in the direction R2 in all modes. This axial feed movement VB results from a superposition of movements 204 (vertically) and 208 (horizontally). In addition, a workpiece spindle 180 can be linearly displaced by means of a (rotating) cart 205 parallel to a pivot axis SA, as shown by the double arrow 206.
    [0099] [00099] In addition, the (rotary) cart 205 including tool spindle 180 and workpiece 50.1, 50.2 can be rotated around the pivot axis SA, as shown by the double arrow 207. The axis intersection angle Σ can be adjusted by rotating around the SA pivot axis. The axis spacing of the rotation axes R1 and R2 can be adjusted by the linear displacement movement 206.
    [0100] [000100] A machine 200, which is based on a vertical arrangement, as shown in figure 12, is preferably used. In such a vertical arrangement, either the roughing tool 100 including tool spindle 170 is seated above workpiece 50.1, 50.2 including workpiece spindle 180, or vice versa. The chips that appear when thinning fall down due to the effect of gravity and can be removed, for example, via a chip bed (not shown).
    [0101] - giro da ferramenta de desbaste 100 em torno do primeiro eixo de rotação R1; - acoplamento da rotação da peça de trabalho 50.1, 50.2 em torno do segundo eixo de rotação R2; - movimento rotacional em torno do eixo de pivô SA; - movimento vertical linear paralelo a 204; - movimento horizontal linear paralelo a 206; - movimento horizontal linear paralelo a 208. [000101] In addition, a machine 200 that is designed for roughing according to the invention ensures correct and complex geometric and kinematic adjustments and axis movements of the aforementioned axes. The machine 200 preferably has six axes in all modes. The following axis movements are preferred: - turning of the roughing tool 100 around the first axis of rotation R1; - coupling the rotation of the workpiece 50.1, 50.2 around the second axis of rotation R2; - rotational movement around the SA pivot axis; - linear vertical movement parallel to 204; - linear horizontal movement parallel to 206; - linear horizontal movement parallel to 208.
    [0102] [000102] The roughing method described can be applied in dry or wet form in all modalities, the use of thinning in dry form being preferred.
    [0103] [000103] The spectrum of use of the described thinning method is large and extends to application in the production of periodically rotationally symmetrical structures that vary widely. List of reference numbers:

    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [0001]
    Method for roughing a first workpiece (50.1) and a second workpiece (50.2) having rotationally symmetrical periodic structures using a roughing tool (100), the method characterized by the fact that it has the following steps: - provide the first work piece (50.1), ▪ bring a first relative position (RP1) closer to the roughing tool (100) in relation to the first workpiece (50.1), ▪ perform a first roughing machining action on the first workpiece (50.1), during the first roughing machining action, or on all the right flanks (54) or all the left flanks (53) of the periodic structure of the first workpiece (50.1) being machined in finishing and the respective other flanks (53; 54) being pre-machined, ▪ bring a second relative position (RP2) closer to the roughing tool (100) in relation to the first workpiece (50.1), ▪ perform a second roughing machining action on the first workpiece (50.1), during the second roughing machining action, those flanks (53; 54) of the periodic structure of the first workpiece (50.1) being machined to finish that were previously only pre-machined during the first roughing machining, - provide the second work piece (50.2), ▪ bring a third relative position (RP3) closer to the roughing tool (100) in relation to the second workpiece (50.2), ▪ perform a third roughing machining action on the second workpiece (50.2), during the third roughing machining action, - or of all the right flanks (54) of the periodic structure of the second workpiece (50.2) being machined in finishing and all the left flanks (53) being pre-machined, if all the left flanks (53) of the periodic structure were machined in finishing during the execution of the first roughing machining action on the first workpiece (50.1), - or all the left flanks (53) of the periodic structure of the second workpiece (50.2) being machined in finishing and all the right flanks (54) being pre-machined, if all the right flanks (54) of the periodic structure have been pre-machined during the execution of the first roughing machining action on the first workpiece (50.1), ▪ bring a fourth relative position (RP4) closer to the roughing tool (100) in relation to the second workpiece (50.2), ▪ perform a fourth roughing machining action of the second workpiece (50.2), during the fourth roughing machining action, those flanks (53; 54) of the periodic structure of the second workpiece (50.2) being machined to finish that they were previously only pre-machined during the third roughing machining action.
    [0002]
    Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first roughing machining action and the second roughing machining action of the first workpiece (50.1) comprise the following steps: - rotate the roughing tool (100) around a first axis of rotation (R1), - rotate the first workpiece (50.1) around a second axis of rotation (R2) - carry out an axial feeding movement (VB) of the roughing tool (100) in relation to the first workpiece (50.1) in a direction parallel to the second axis of rotation (R2).
    [0003]
    Method according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the third roughing machining action and the fourth roughing machining action of the second workpiece (50.2) comprise the following steps: - rotate the roughing tool (100) around a first axis of rotation (R1), - rotate the second workpiece (50.2) around a second axis of rotation (R2), and - carry out an axial feeding movement (VB) of the roughing tool (100) in relation to the second workpiece (50.2) in a direction parallel to the second axis of rotation (R2).
    [0004]
    Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the roughing tool (100) comprises multiple cutting teeth (111), each cutting tooth (111) comprising a first flank cutting edge (113) for cutting the right flanks (54), a second flank cutting edge (112) for cutting the left flanks (53), and a head cutting edge (114), which is located in a transition region between the first flank cutting edge (113) and the second flank cutting edge (112).
    [0005]
    Method according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the roughing machining actions of the first workpiece (50.1) and the second workpiece (50.2) are carried out in such a way that the number of cuts that are carried out using the first flank cutting edges (113) and the number of cuts that are made using the second flank cutting edges (112) are approximately equal.
    [0006]
    Method according to either of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the head cutting edge (114) has a width that is less than the interstice width at the tooth base (55) of the interstices (52) a be finished on the first workpiece (50.1) and the second workpiece (50.2), the head cutting edge (114) preferably having a width that is less than, or equal to, 2/3 of the interstice width in the tooth base (55).
    [0007]
    Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least two of the relative positions (RP1, RP2, RP3, RP4) differ by an angular rotation of the first workpiece (50.1) or the second workpiece of work (50.2).
    [0008]
    Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the second relative position (RP2) corresponds to the third relative position (RP3) and the first relative position (RP1) corresponds to the fourth relative position (RP4).
    [0009]
    Method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by the fact that the roughing machining actions are carried out on smooth, that is, non-hardened workpieces (50.1, 50.2).
    [0010]
    Machine (200), characterized by the fact that it has a CNC controller (201), which is programmed to execute a method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9.
    [0011]
    Machine (200) according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that it comprises a software module that is programmed so that an alternative semi-complete approach can be previously defined in roughing, to ensure the most uniform cutting load possible for the edges cutting edge (112, 113, 114) of the roughing tool (100).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP2570217B1|2014-11-05|
    US9199323B2|2015-12-01|
    CN102990165A|2013-03-27|
    MX2012010510A|2013-03-18|
    JP5908818B2|2016-04-26|
    KR101976847B1|2019-05-09|
    JP2013063506A|2013-04-11|
    CN102990165B|2015-06-10|
    RU2584838C2|2016-05-20|
    BR102012023164A2|2014-04-15|
    RU2012137693A|2014-03-10|
    EP2570217A1|2013-03-20|
    KR20130030224A|2013-03-26|
    US20130071197A1|2013-03-21|
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    法律状态:
    2014-04-15| B03A| Publication of a patent application or of a certificate of addition of invention [chapter 3.1 patent gazette]|
    2018-12-11| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-12-17| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-01-19| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-02-17| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 13/09/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP11181521.3|2011-09-15|
    EP11181521.3A|EP2570217B1|2011-09-15|2011-09-15|Semi-completing skiving method and device with skiving tool for performing a semi-completing skiving method|
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